Dim and Small Target Detection Based on Characteristic Spectrum     

Da Huang  Shucai Huang 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2018,46(11):1915-1923

Dim and small target detection is one of the most challenging issues based on space-based detector. Original space-based detector only uses infrared bands, and the target information is limited in one-band image, so that detection error rate is high. In order to increase the target information, we suppose spectral imaging technology can be applied to the space-based detection system. Use bands of stronger radiation of targets than that of background as detection bands theoretically; the detection bands also can be called as the characteristic bands of targets. On these bases, the paper proposes methods of fuzzy fusion and fusion segmentation to achieve the target detection. Fusion is a combination of images from the characteristic bands, which can eliminate background, restrain noise, and enhance the target. Threshold segmentation and fuzzy algorithm assisted fusion algorithm to complete the final detection. In the simulation experiment, missile plume is considered as the detection target, atmosphere, cloud and jet plume is considered as the detection background, and the advantages of the characteristic spectrum detection and the proposed algorithm are verified from SNR, SCR, ROC curve, and time.  相似文献   

基于DBN的车载激光点云路侧多目标提取   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

罗海峰  方莉娜  陈崇成  黄志文 《测绘学报》2018,47(2):234-246

提出一种基于深度信念网络（DBN）的车载激光点云路侧多目标提取方法。首先通过预处理对原始数据进行分段,并将地面和建筑物点云与路侧目标进行分离;然后利用连通分支聚类分析算法进行路侧点云聚类,并采用基于体素的归一化分割方法分割重叠点云,从而生成独立目标点云;在此基础上,生成基于多方向目标对象的二值图像并展开成二值向量作为独立目标点云的描述特征;最后构建并训练DBN,利用训练好的DBN提取行道树、车辆及杆状目标等3类路侧目标。试验采用两份不同城市道路场景的点云数据,行道树、车辆及杆状目标提取结果的准确率分别达97.31%、97.79%、92.78%,召回率分别达98.30%、98.75%和96.77%,精度分别达95.70%、93.81%和90.00%,F1值分别达97.80%、96.81%和94.73%。试验结果验证了本文的有效性。  相似文献   

Velocity and Temperature Dissimilarity in the Surface Layer Uncovered by the Telegraph Approximation     

Huang  Kelly Y.  Katul  Gabriel G.  Hultmark  Marcus 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2021,179(3):385-401

We consider the Janjic (NCEP Office Note 437:61, 2001) boundary-layer model, which is one of the most widely used in numerical weather prediction models. This boundary-layer model is based on a number of length scales that are, in turn, obtained from a master length multiplied by constants. We analyze the simulation results obtained using different sets of constants with respect to measurements using sonic anemometers, and interpret these results in terms of the turbulence processes in the atmosphere and of the role played by the different length scales. The simulations are run on a virtual machine on the Chameleon cloud for low-wind-speed, unstable, and stable conditions.

  相似文献   

CO2浓度增加背景下季风区大气辐射加热响应的差异          下载免费PDF全文

Xia Qu  Gang Huang  Xiaocong Wang 《大气和海洋科学快报》2021,14(3):19-24

大气CO2浓度增加,大气辐射平衡调整,将影响到大气的辐射加热,对季风环流的产生影响.CMIP6结果显示,大气CO2浓度增加,可减弱季风区主雨季对流层高,低层的辐射加热,加强对流层中层的辐射加热.各季风区加热响应的峰值层次不同:亚洲季风区平均层次最高(500-775 hPa),北非,南美,澳洲季风区次之(550-600 hPa),北美(600hPa)和南非季风区(600-775 hPa)较低.各季风区水云的垂直分布及其长波辐射效应的变化是形成峰值层次差异的主因.  相似文献   

COVID-19疫情期间全球空气质量变化:臭氧响应的区域间差异          下载免费PDF全文

Rong Tang  Xin Huang  Derong Zhou  Haikun Wang  Jiawei Xu  Aijun Ding 《大气和海洋科学快报》2021,14(4):45-51

疫情期间全球各地一次排放大幅削减,而臭氧等二次污染的响应则存在着区域间差异.结合地面和卫星观测发现,同在氮氧化物大幅下降的情况下,臭氧在东亚和欧洲呈现出可达14ppb的上升信号,而北美则下降为主(约2-4ppb).我们结合气象分析和臭氧敏感性进一步讨论了臭氧响应差异性的原因,一方面受臭氧与前体物间关系的影响;另一方面来自于气象,尤其是温度.研究明晰了人为排放,化学和气象三者的内在关联,强调了在臭氧控制过程中考虑前体物削减和气象条件协同的重要性.  相似文献   

新冠肺炎流行病学模型的最优参数化          下载免费PDF全文

Li Zhang  Jianping Huang  Haipeng Yu  Xiaoyue Liu  Yun Wei  Xinbo Lian  Chuwei Liu  Zhikun Jing 《大气和海洋科学快报》2021,14(4):58-62

现如今,新冠肺炎(COVID-19)严重威胁着世界各国人民的生命健康.许多流行病学模型已经被用于为政策制定者和世界卫生组织提供决策参考.为了更加深刻的理解疫情趋势的变化特征,许多参数优化算法被用于反演模型参数.本文提议使用结合了高斯-牛顿法和梯度下降法的Levenberg-Marquardt(LMA)算法来优化模型参数.使用四个病例数相对较多的国家来验证这一算法的优势:相较于传统流行病学模型模拟曲线过早过快的到达峰值,应用 LMA 的 Statistical-SIR(Statistical-Susceptible-Infected-Recovered)模型可以更好地拟合实际疫情曲线.  相似文献   

机器学习在广西台风极大风速预报中的应用     

吴玉霜  黄小燕  陈家正  赵华生 《气象研究与应用》2021,42(4):26-31

以1980-2020年广西台风期间桂林、梧州、龙州、南宁、玉林等5个气象观测站的地面日极大风速为研究对象,采用多元线性回归(MR)、支持向量机(SVM)、模糊神经网络(FNN)等三种较为常用的线性和非线性方法分别进行预报建模,对2011-2020年共10a独立样本的检验.结果 表明,在全样本风速预报的平均绝对误差上,FNN模型对桂林站、梧州站、龙州站、玉林站共4个站点预报的平均绝对误差最小,总体预报精度最好,MR预报模型则对南宁站有较好的预报能力,SVM模型预报效果总体偏差.对于6级以上大风的TS评分、命中率、空报率和预报偏差等4个评估指标的统计,FNN模型的预测精度最高且相对稳定,MR方案次之,SVM在三种方案中预报效果最差.FNN方法对广西台风期间地面日极大风速的预报有较好的参考作用.  相似文献   

智能网格能见度实况融合格点分析产品在一次大雾天气过程中的评估     

龙柯吉  宋雯雯  黄晓龙 《气象研究与应用》2021,42(4):50-55

采用邻近插值和双线性插值方法,将国家气象信息中心研发的能见度实况融合格点分析产品插值到四川省156个国家级考核站,选取2018年11月25日四川盆地一次大雾天气过程,对其在四川盆地的适用性进行评估.结果 表明,该产品误差普遍在5km范围内,随着海拔的增加,逐渐由低估转为高估;分级检验为:30km以上能见度的误差最大,随着能见度的下降,误差也逐渐下降.大雾过程中,产品能监测低能见度天气,表现出落区的变化,能见度在30km以上时,格点实况以高估为主,30km以下时随着能见度的降低,格点实况从低估逐渐转为高估.  相似文献   

风廓线雷达产品与ERA5再分析资料的对比分析     

黄晴  梁维亮  黄荣 《气象研究与应用》2021,42(4):83-88

利用2019-2020年广西三部风廓线雷达的实时风产品与ERA5再分析资料进行分析对比,检验风廓线雷达数据质量.结果 表明,三种风廓线雷达产品(ROBS、HOBS、OOBS)数值差距小,OOBS产品稍显优势,在1h内风廓线雷达探测的水平风波动不大.风廓线雷达数据整体小于ERA5再分析资料.三个站中,北海站的误差最小.北海站误差在2-6km,柳州站在4-6km,南宁站风向误差最小在1-4km,风速在4～6km.三个站的数据在0.5km以下误差都很大,柳州站和南宁站在9km以上误差也很大.分别选取北海站105°、6.5m·s-1,南宁站100°、7m·s-1,柳州站85°、8m·s-1作为极端误差阈值,剔除极端误差后三个站的MAE都小于25°和3m·s-1,并且数据有效率都能达到70％以上.  相似文献   

The dominant driving force for supercontinent breakup: Plume push or subduction retreat?     

Nan Zhang  Zhuo Dang  Chuan Huang  Zheng-Xiang Li 《地学前缘(英文版)》2018,9(4):997-1007

Understanding the dominant force responsible for supercontinent breakup is crucial for establishing Earth's geodynamic evolution that includes supercontinent cycles and plate tectonics. Conventionally,two forces have been considered: the push by mantle plumes from the sub-continental mantle which is called the active force for breakup, and the dragging force from oceanic subduction retreat which is called the passive force for breakup. However, the relative importance of these two forces is unclear. Here we model the supercontinent breakup coupled with global mantle convection in order to address this question. Our global model features a spherical harmonic degree-2 structure, which includes a major subduction girdle and two large upwelling(superplume) systems. Based on this global mantle structure,we examine the distribution of extensional stress applied to the supercontinent by both subsupercontinent mantle upwellings and subduction retreat at the supercontinent peripheral. Our results show that:(1) at the center half of the supercontinent, plume push stress is ～3 times larger than the stress induced by subduction retreat;(2) an average hot anomaly of no higher than 50 K beneath the supercontinent can produce a push force strong enough to cause the initialization of supercontinent breakup;(3) the extensional stress induced by subduction retreat concentrates on a ～600 km wide zone on the boundary of the supercontinent, but has far less impact to the interior of the supercontinent. We therefore conclude that although circum-supercontinent subduction retreat assists supercontinent breakup, sub-supercontinent mantle upwelling is the essential force.  相似文献